Disaster Response Content for Effective Evacuation of Disaster Vulnerable Classes in Case of Disaster

Ⅰ. Introduction

Disasters are largely divided into natural disasters and social disasters. Natural disasters are caused by natural phenomena such as typhoons, floods, heavy rain, storms and earthquakes, and social disasters are classified into social disasters caused by human accidents such as fire, collapse, and explosion. Today, however, these disasters do not occur as a single, secondary disasters are manifesting in a complex way [1-3]. In other words, the impact of climate change due to global warming is causing disaster impacts throughout society, and social evolution is accelerating the impact of disasters due to social and human conflicts [4-6]. In particular, the general classes can be reacted promptly in the event of such a complex disaster, while disaster vulnerable classes, such as elderly, children, pregnant women, disabled people and foreigners, are in a relatively vulnerable position. Therefore, it is necessary to develop disaster response contents that can safely evacuate disaster vulnerable classes in the event of a disaster and to develop services targeting disaster vulnerable classes. In this paper, we propose disaster response contents focusing on the response of disaster vulnerable groups in the disaster management process of prevention, preparation, response and recovery. The composition of this paper is as follows. Section 2 describes the proposed disaster response contents, and Section 3 presents the necessity of the contents proposed through experiments and considerations. The conclusions and future work are described in Section 4.

Ⅱ. Proposed Disaster Response Content

The disaster response contents proposed in this paper is an application that is activated immediately in connection with the emergency broadcast service and guides the nearest evacuation facility at the current location of disaster vulnerable classes.

2-2 Proposed Content

1) Concept of Proposed Content

The concept of disaster response content (DAApp; disaster action application) proposed in this paper is shown in Fig. 1. If the disaster vulnerable classes receives an emergency disaster letter, the DAApp is activated by app actions feature and displays the map with location of evacuation facilities based on the current location. In addition, disaster vulnerable classes can be provided with the nearest evacuation facility that avoids the disaster area.

Fig. 1.

The concept of the proposed disaster response content for the disaster vulnerable classes

2) Details of Proposed Content

The detailed contents of the proposed contents are shown in Fig. 2, and the implementation flow of the proposed content is divided into two stages. The first stage sends and receives location information of disaster vulnerable class (DVC), evacuation facilities (EF) and disaster area (DA) between the DAApp and Web DB. In the event of a disaster, the DVC will receive emergency disaster messages. At this time, the DAApp installed in the smart device of DVC is activated, and the current location of DVC (DAlbs) is transferred to the Web DB. Then, the DVC receives the location information of the evacuation facility and the current disaster area from the Web DB.

Fig. 2.

The block diagram of the proposed disaster response content

The second stage is the actual step of DVC evacuation, the DVC is guided to the nearest evacuation facility from the current location. Here, the evacuation route is applied to the disaster area avoiding algorithm described in Section 2-3, and the DVCs that are difficult to evacuate can also request one-stop emergency rescue.

2-3 Disaster Area Avoidance Algorithm

Effective disaster area avoidance should identify the distance between EF and DA based on DVC location. That is, as shown in Formula 1 and Fig. 3, whether or not the path through the DA can be determined by determining the angle corresponding to the inner product of the triangle composition. Table 2 shows the code for calculating the angle θ in Fig. 3.

$\[ \theta =\mathit{acos}\left(\frac{A{B}^2+A{C}^2-B{C}^2}{2\times \overrightarrow{AC}\times \overrightarrow{AB}}\right). \]$

(1)

Fig. 3.

Position relationship between DVC, DA and EF

Table 1.

Code for calculating the angle ϴ of Formula 1

Table 2.

Code for calculating an Intersection (Px, Py) of Formula 2

In Fig. 3, if the internal angle θ of $$ \overline{AB}$$ and $$ \overline{AC}$$ is less than 90 degrees, it will pass through the disaster area. The analysis of the case where the angle θ is 90 degrees or more and the case where the angle is less than 90 degrees is shown in Fig. 5. The intersection point can be calculated by drawing a line at a right angle the DA on the line $$ \overline{AC}$$. Given the straight line a₁x+b₁y+c₁ = 0 and a₂x+b₂y+c₂ = 0, the intersection point (P_x, P_y) in Fig. 4 can be obtained from Formula 2. Therefore, if the angle ϴ is less than 90 degrees, it means that the evacuation path passes through DA.

$\[ \left(P_x,P_y\right)=\left(\frac{b_1{c}_2-b_2{c}_1}{a_1{b}_2-a_2{b}_1},-\frac{a_1}{b_1}\times \frac{b_1{c}_2-b_2{c}_1}{a_1{b}_2-a_2{b}_1}-\frac{c_1}{b_1}\right). \]$

(2)

Fig. 4.

Intersection of a right angle between DVC and EF for DA avoidance

Ⅲ. Experiment and Discussion

In this Section, a virtual scenario is set up to test the performance of the implemented DAApp, and the implementation details are described step by step.

3-1 Virtual Disaster Situation based on Scenario

The virtual disaster situation setting is as follows. If a flood disaster occurs as shown in Fig. 5, the disaster response manager sends emergency evacuation message to the DVC.

· Disaster type : heavy rain
· Disaster occurrence date and time : 2018.11.22., 13:15
· Disaster location : rivers and lakes flooding near “OOO”
· Disaster message : [Disaster caused by heavy rain] Please evacuate urgently.

Fig. 5.

Declaration of disaster areas for testing based on virtual scenarios

3-2 Disaster Message Reception and App Activation

When the DVC receive disaster message, the DAApp is automatically activated by the app actions feature described in Section 2-1. The DAApp activation process using app actions is shown in Fig. 6, and the implementation result in the DAApp is shown in Fig. 7(a).

Fig. 6.

DAApp activation process with app actions

Fig. 7.

Implementation results; (a) app actions; (b) current location of DVC; (c) result screen when clicking 'My Location' button; (d) result screen when clicking 'My Path' button; (e) result screen when clicking 'Route Guidance' button; (f) result screen when clicking 'Rescue Request' button

3-3 Transfer Current Location of DVC to Web DB

When the procedure in Section 3-2 is completed, the DVC transmits the current location and time to Web DB, and receives location information of EF and DA. The table structure of the Web dB is shown in Table 3, and the DVC can check the surrounding EF and DA based on the current position

Table 3.

DAApp table structure in Web DB

Ⅳ. Conclusion

In this paper, we propose and implement disaster response contents that enable disaster vulnerable classes to evacuate safely when a disaster occurs. The proposed content is focused on response time in disaster management process of prevention, preparation, response and recovery, and it is service technology targeting disaster vulnerable classes who are not ordinary people.

In particular, the implemented killer application has a great advantage that the disaster vulnerable classes can identify the evacuation facility and the disaster area around the current location, and guide the route to evacuate immediately. As a result of the implementation, it was confirmed that it is effective for the emergency evacuation of vulnerable disaster classes. The proposed content is expected to be highly scalable to various natural and social disasters such as water disaster, earthquake, fire, collapse of multi-cluster facilities.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the strategy research (20180543-001) of the Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology (KICT).

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